Zvigadzikiso zveSipo dzeSimbi muKugadzira PVC Basa Razvo uye Maitiro Azvo

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) inozivikanwa nekusiyana-siyana kwayo, kushanda kwayo zvakanaka, uye kugona kwayo kuchinjika kune zvigadzirwa zvakawanda—kubva pazvinhu zvekuvaka kusvika kumidziyo yekurapa nezvinhu zvevatengi. Asi, chinhu ichi chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya chine njodzi huru: kusagadzikana kwekupisa. Kana ichiiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya (160–200°C) kunodiwa pakubvisa, kuumba jekiseni, kana kurongedza, PVC inoparadzwa nekubvisa chlorine. Izvi zvinoburitsa hydrochloric acid (HCl), chinhu chinokonzeresa kuti zvinhu zvirambe zvichichinja, zvichikonzera kuora kwezvinhu, kuputsika, uye kurasikirwa nesimba remuchina. Kuti kuderedze dambudziko iri uye kuvhura kugona kwePVC, zvinosimbisa kupisa zvinhu zvisingachinjiki. Pakati peizvi, Metal Soap Stabilizers dzinoonekwa senzira huru yekugadzirisa, dzinokosheswa nekushanda kwadzo, kuenderana kwadzo, uye kushanda kwadzo kwakafara. Mublog rino, tichaongorora basa uye mashandiro eMetal Soap Stabilizers mukugadzirisa PVC, toongorora mienzaniso mikuru senge Zinc stearate PVC formulations, uye toongorora mashandisirwo adzo chaiwo mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana.

Kutanga, ngatitsanangure kuti chiiZvigadzikiso zveSipo yeSimbiZviripo. Pakati pazvo, izvi zvinosimbisa simbi imakemikari esimbi eorganic anoumbwa nekuita kwemafuta acids (akadai sestearic, lauric, kana oleic acid) nemetal oxides kana hydroxides. "Sipo" dzinobuda dzine cation yesimbi—inowanzobva mumapoka maviri (alkaline earth metals senge calcium, barium, kana magnesium) kana 12 (zinc, cadmium) yeperiodic table—yakabatana neanion ine chain-chain fatty acid. Maumbirwo aya akasiyana emakemikari ndiwo anoita kuti basa rawo rive mbiri mukugadzikana kwePVC: kubvisa HCl uye kutsiva maatomu echlorine akawandisa muPVC polymer chain. Kusiyana ne inorganic stabilizers, Metal Soap Stabilizers ane lipophilic, zvichireva kuti anosangana zvakanaka nePVC nezvimwe zvinowedzera organic (senge plasticizers), zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvishande zvakaenzana. Kuenderana kwavo nePVC formulations dzakasimba uye dzinochinjika kunoita kuti vasimbise chinzvimbo chavo sechisarudzo chevagadziri.

Maitiro ekushanda kweMetal Soap Stabilizers inzira yakaoma, ine matanho akawanda inotarisa zvikonzero zvekuora kwePVC. Kuti tinzwisise, tinofanira kutanga taongorora kuti sei PVC ichiora zvakanyanya. Cheni yePVC yemamorekuru ine "zvikanganiso" - maatomu elabile chlorine akabatanidzwa kumaatomu e tertiary carbon kana ari pedyo nemabond maviri. Zvikanganiso izvi ndizvo zvinotangira dehydrochlorination kana yapiswa. Sezvo HCl inoburitswa, inosimudzira kubviswa kwemamorekuru akawanda eHCl, ichigadzira mabond maviri akasanganiswa pamwe chete ne polymer chain. Mabond maviri aya anotora chiedza, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zviite yero, orenji, kana kutoti dema, nepo chimiro checheni chakatyoka chinoderedza simba rekusimba uye kuchinjika.

 

 

Zvigadzikiso zveSimbi zveMetal zvinopindira mukuita uku nenzira mbiri huru. Chekutanga, zvinoshanda sezvigadzikiso zveHCl (zvinonziwo zvigadzikiso zveasidhi). Chigadzikiso chesimbi chiri musipo chinopindirana neHCl kuti chigadzire chloride yesimbi yakagadzikana uye fatty acid. Semuenzaniso, muZinc stearate PVC systems, zinc stearate inopindirana neHCl kuti igadzire zinc chloride uye stearic acid. Nekudzikamisa HCl, stabilizer inomisa autocatalytic chain reaction, ichidzivirira kuora kwekuwedzera. Chechipiri, akawanda eMetal Soap Stabilizers—kunyanya ayo ane zinc kana cadmium—anopinda mukuchinjana, achitsiva maatomu elabile chlorine muPVC chain ne fatty acid anion. Izvi zvinoumba stable ester linkage, zvichibvisa kukanganisa kunotanga kuora uye kuchengetedza polymer's structure integrity. Izvi zviviri zvinoitwa—kubvisa acid uye defect capping—zvinoita kuti Metal Soap Stabilizers ishande zvakanyanya pakudzivirira kusviba kwekutanga uye kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwekupisa kwenguva refu.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti hapana Metal Soap Stabilizer imwe chete yakakwana kune zvese zvinoshandiswa. Pane kudaro, vagadziri vanowanzo shandisa musanganiswa wesimbi dzakasiyana-siyana kuti vawedzere kushanda zvakanaka. Semuenzaniso, sipo dzakavakirwa pazinc (sengeZinc stearate) inobudirira pakuramba ruvara rwemavara pakutanga, ichikurumidza kuita maatomu echlorine akavharika uye ichidzivirira kutsvuka kweruvara. Zvisinei, zinc chloride—chinhu chinobva pakushanda kwayo kwekubvisa acid—iLewis acid ine mwero inogona kukurudzira kuora kwemavara pakupisa kwakanyanya kana kwenguva refu yekugadzira (chiitiko chinozivikanwa se "zinc burn"). Kuti izvi zvisaitike, zinc sipo dzinowanzo sanganiswa nesipo dzecalcium kana barium. Sipo dzecalcium nebarium hadzishande zvakanyanya pakuramba ruvara rwemavara pakutanga asi dzinobvisa HCl zvakanyanya, dzichibvisa zinc chloride nezvimwe zvinhu zvine acidic. Musanganiswa uyu unogadzira hurongwa hwakaringana: zinc inovimbisa ruvara rwekutanga rwakajeka, nepo calcium/barium ichipa kugadzikana kwekupisa kwenguva refu. Zinc stearate PVC formulations, semuenzaniso, inowanzo sanganisira calcium stearate kuderedza kutsva kwezinc uye kuwedzera hwindo rekugadzirisa zvinhu.

Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani kusiyana kweMetal Soap Stabilizers uye mashandisirwo adzo, ngationgororei mhando dzakajairika, hunhu hwadzo, uye mashandisirwo akajairika mukugadzirisa PVC. Tafura iri pazasi inotsanangura mienzaniso mikuru, inosanganisira Zinc stearate, uye basa rayo muPVC yakasimba uye inochinjika:

 

 

Sezvinoratidzwa netafura, kushandiswa kweZinc stearate PVC kunosanganisira nzira dzakasimba uye dzinochinjika, nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakasimba uye kushanda kwakasimba kwemavara ekutanga. Mufirimu rePVC rinochinjika rekurongedza chikafu, semuenzaniso, Zinc stearate inosanganiswa necalcium stearate kuitira kuti firimu rirambe rakajeka uye rakagadzikana panguva yekubuda, uku richisangana nemitemo yekuchengetedza chikafu. Mumaprofile ewindo rePVC akaomarara, Zinc stearate inobatsira kuchengetedza ruvara ruchena rwakajeka rweprofile, kunyangwe kana yagadziriswa pakupisa kwakanyanya, uye inoshanda nebarium stearate kudzivirira kubva pakusagadzikana kwenguva refu.

 

 

Ngatinyatsoongororai mamiriro chaiwo ekushandiswa kwesimbi kuti tiratidze kuti Metal Soap Stabilizers, kusanganisira Zinc stearate, dzinofambisa sei mashandiro ezvigadzirwa zvePVC zvepasi rose. Kutanga nePVC yakaoma: mapaipi nemidziyo yekuisa zvinhu ndeimwe yezvigadzirwa zvePVC zvakaoma, uye zvinoda zvinosimbisa zvinogona kutsungirira tembiricha yepamusoro uye zvinopa kugara kwenguva refu munzvimbo dzakaoma (semuenzaniso, pasi pevhu, kusvikwa nemvura). Sisitimu yakajairika yekusimbisa mapaipi ePVC inosanganisira musanganiswa wecalcium stearate (primary acid scavenger), Zinc stearate (kutanga kwemavara ekuchengetedza), uye barium stearate (nguva refu yekupisa). Musanganiswa uyu unoita kuti mapaipi asashanduke ruvara panguva yekubuda, arambe akasimba pasi pekumanikidzwa, uye anoramba kuora kubva mukunyorova kwevhu nekuchinja kwetembiricha. Pasina sisitimu iyi yekusimbisa, mapaipi ePVC aizove asina kusimba uye anotsemuka nekufamba kwenguva, achikundikana kusangana nezvinodiwa zveindasitiri zvekuchengetedza nekugara kwenguva refu.

Mashandisirwo ePVC anochinjika, ayo anovimba nemapurasitiki kuti agone kuchinjika, anopa matambudziko akasiyana kune vanosimbisa - anofanira kunge akabatana nemapurasitiki uye kwete kutamira pamusoro pechigadzirwa. Zinc stearate inobudirira pano, sezvo fatty acid chain yayo inoenderana nemapurasitiki akajairika akadai se dioctyl phthalate (DOP) uye diisononyl phthalate (DINP). Mukuchinjika kwePVC cable insulation, semuenzaniso, musanganiswa weZinc stearate necalcium stearate unoita kuti insulation irambe ichichinjika, inodzivirira kupisa panguva yekubuda, uye inochengetedza hunhu hwemagetsi insulation nekufamba kwenguva. Izvi zvakakosha kune tambo dzinoshandiswa munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri kana zvivakwa, uko tembiricha yakakwira (kubva kumagetsi emagetsi kana mamiriro ekunze) inogona kukanganisa PVC, zvichikonzera mapfupi kana njodzi dzemoto. Imwe nzira huru yekushandiswa kwePVC inochinjika pasi - vinyl flooring inoshandisa Metal Soap Stabilizers kuchengetedza kugadzikana kweruvara rwayo, kuchinjika, uye kuramba kubvaruka. Zinc stearate, kunyanya, inobatsira kudzivirira yero ye flooring ine ruvara rwakatsvuka, ichiva nechokwadi chekuti inoramba ichitaridzika zvakanaka kwemakore.

Medical PVC ndeimwe chikamu uko Metal Soap Stabilizers inoita basa rakakosha, ine zvinodiwa zvakasimba kuti isatsvedze uye ishande pamwe chete. Pano, masisitimu ekugadzirisa anowanzo shandiswa nesipo dzecalcium ne zinc (kusanganisira Zinc stearate) nekuda kwehupfu hwadzo hushoma, zvichitsiva zvekare, zvinodzivirira senge lead kana cadmium. Machubhu ePVC ekurapa (anoshandiswa mumitsetse yeIV, macatheter, uye michina yedialysis) anoda machubhu asingapindi mumvura yemuviri uye anogona kutsungirira sterilization yemhepo. Zinc stearate, yakasanganiswa nemagnesium stearate, inopa kugadzikana kwekupisa kunodiwa panguva yekugadzirisa uye sterilization, ukuwo ichivimbisa kuti chubhu inoramba yakachinjika uye yakajeka. Musanganiswa uyu unosangana nezvinodiwa zvakasimba zvemasangano anotonga senge FDA neEU's REACH, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakachengeteka yekushandiswa kwekurapa.

Pakusarudza sisitimu yeMetal Soap Stabilizer yekugadzirisa PVC, vagadziri vanofanira kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakakosha. Chekutanga, mhando yePVC (yakaoma vs. inochinjika) ndiyo inosarudza kuti stabilizer ienderane sei neplasticizers—mafomura anochinjika anoda stabilizers seZinc stearate inosanganiswa zvakanaka neplasticizers, nepo maformula akasimba anogona kushandisa sipo dzesimbi dzakasiyana-siyana. Chechipiri, mamiriro ekugadzirisa (tembiricha, nguva yekugara) anokanganisa mashandiro estabilizer: maitiro ekupisa kwakanyanya (semuenzaniso, kubuda kwemapombi ane madziro akakora) anoda stabilizers dzine kugadzikana kwakasimba kwekupisa kwenguva refu, senge barium stearate blends. Chechitatu, zvinodiwa zvekupedzisira (ruvara, chepfu, kuramba mamiriro ekunze) zvakakosha—kushandiswa kwechikafu kana kwekurapa kunoda stabilizers dzisina chepfu (calcium/zinc blends), nepo maapplication ekunze achida stabilizers dzinoramba kuora kweUV (kazhinji dzakasanganiswa neUV absorbers). Chekupedzisira, mutengo unokosha: calcium stearate ndiyo sarudzo inodhura zvakanyanya, nepo zinc nebarium sipo dzichidhura zvishoma asi dzichipa kushanda kwakanaka munzvimbo dzakatarwa.

Tichitarisa mberi, ramangwana reMetal Soap Stabilizers mukugadzirwa kwePVC rinoumbwa nemaitiro maviri makuru: kugara kwenguva refu uye kumanikidzwa kwemutemo. Hurumende pasi rese dziri kudzvinyirira zvinosimbisa chepfu (senge lead ne cadmium), zvichikonzera kudiwa kwezvimwe zvinhu zvisina chepfu senge calcium-zinc blends, kusanganisira Zinc stearate PVC formulations. Pamusoro pezvo, kurudziro yepurasitiki inogara kwenguva refu iri kutungamira vagadziri kugadzira Metal Soap Stabilizers ine bio-based—semuenzaniso, stearic acid inobva muzvinhu zvinogadziriswazve senge palm oil kana soybean oil—zvichideredza kabhoni yekugadzirwa kwePVC. Kuvandudzwa muhunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa zvinhu kwakatarisanawo nekuvandudza mashandiro: musanganiswa mutsva wesipo dzesimbi dzine co-stabilizers (senge epoxy compounds kana phosphites) dziri kuwedzera kugadzikana kwekupisa, kuderedza kufamba kwePVC inochinjika, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa rezvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira.

Zvigadzikiso zveSimbi zveSimbi zvakakosha pakugadzirisa PVC, zvichigadzirisa kusagadzikana kwekupisa kwepolymer kuburikidza nebasa razvo rekushandisa HCl scavengers uye defect-capping agents. Kushanduka-shanduka kwadzo—kubva pamapaipi ePVC akaomarara kusvika pakuputira tambo dzinochinjika uye machubhu ekurapa—kunobva pakuenderana kwadzo nePVC nezvimwe zvinowedzera, pamwe nekukwanisa kugadzira misanganiswa yekushandiswa kwakanangana. Zinc stearate, kunyanya, inomira semutambi mukuru mune izvi masisitimu, ichipa mukana wakanaka wekuchengetedza mavara ekutanga uye kuenderana nemafomu akaomarara uye anochinjika. Sezvo indasitiri yePVC ichiramba ichikoshesa kuchengetedzeka nekuchengetedza, Metal Soap Stabilizers (kunyanya calcium-zinc blends isina chepfu) icharamba iri pamberi, ichigonesa kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvePVC zvemhando yepamusoro, zvinogara kwenguva refu zvinosangana nezvinodiwa nemaindasitiri nemirau yemazuva ano. Kunzwisisa mashandiro adzo uye zvinodiwa zvekushandisa kwakakosha kune vagadziri vari kutsvaga kuvhura kugona kwePVC uku vachiona kushanda kwechigadzirwa uye kutevedzera mitemo.