Munyaya yezvivakwa zvemagetsi, Cable PVC inozivikanwa zvakanyanya sechinhu chinodiwa pakudzivirira kupisa uye kupaka jira. Kufarirwa kwayo kunobva muzvakanaka zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira hunhu hwakanaka hwekudzivirira kupisa kwemagetsi, kunonoka kwemoto, kuramba makemikari, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemari. Zvisinei, iyi polymer inoshanduka-shanduka ine muganhu wakakosha: inogona kuora zvakanyanya kana ikasangana nekupisa kwakanyanya kwekugadzirisa extrusion (kazhinji kubva pa170–180 °C) uye kushushikana kwenguva refu kwekushanda.
Apa ndipo panowanikwaZvisimbisi zvePVCyeWaya & Tambopinda sezvinhu zvakakosha. Izvi zvinowedzera zvine mabasa maviri: hazvingodziviriri kuburitswa kwehydrogen chloride (HCl) chete panguva yekugadzirisa asiwo zvinodzivirira Cable PVC kubva pakukwegura, chiedza chezuva, uye kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Mukuita izvi, zvinovimbisa kuvimbika uye kugara kwenguva refu kwetambo dzemagetsi, idzo dziri nzira dzinopa simba kuzvivakwa zvekugara, zvivakwa zvemaindasitiri, uye mapurojekiti esimba rinogona kushandiswazve.
Kushanduka kwePVC Stabilizers Inotungamirirwa neMitemo yeZvakatipoteredza
Kukosha kwemaPVC stabilizers mumagetsi kunopfuura kungodzivirira kupisa chete. Mukushandiswa kwemagetsi, kunyangwe kuora kudiki kweCable PVC kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa, senge kuputsika kweinsulation, mashort circuits, kana kunyange njodzi dzemoto. Nemitemo yepasi rose yezvakatipoteredza iri kuramba ichioma, mamiriro ezvinhu eZvigadzikiso zvePVC zveWaya neTamboyachinja zvikuru. Indasitiri iyi iri kusiya mishonga yechinyakare ine chepfu ichienda kune dzimwe nzira dzinochengetedza nharaunda dzinopa chiyero pakati pekushanda, kuchengetedzeka, uye kutevedzera mitemo.
Maitiro makuru ekutonga akabatsira zvikuru mukuchinja uku. Mutemo weREACH weEuropean Union, Chirongwa chemakore mashanu cheChina chechi14 cheindasitiri yekugadzira mapurasitiki, pamwe nemitemo yedunhu yakaita seAS/NZS 3,808 zvese zvakakurumidzisa kubviswa kwezvinodzora simba zve lead ne cadmium. Izvi zvakamanikidza vagadziri kuti vadyare mari uye vashandise mhinduro dzekuchengetedza simba dzakasvibira uye dzinogara kwenguva refu.
Mhando dzeMainstream neEmerging PVC Stabilizers
•Zvinosimbisa Calcium-Zinc (Ca/Zn) Composite
Zvinosimbisa calcium-zinc (Ca/Zn)Dzakabuda senzira huru yekuchengetedza nharaunda yekushandiswa kweCable PVC, zvichiita kuti dzive ne42% yesimba rekugadzira pasi rose muna 2025. Kugamuchirwa kwadzo kwakawanda kunokonzerwa nekusaita chepfu, kutevedzera mitemo yekubatana kwechikafu uye yekuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi, uye nzira dzakasiyana dzekushanda pamwe chete.
Sipo dzezinkiDzivirira kushata kweruvara rwekutanga nekuita allyl chloride pamaketani ePVC, ukuwo sipo dzecalcium dzichitora zinc chloride kubva muzvigadzirwa kudzivirira kuburitswa kweHCl. Kubatana uku kunowedzerwazve nezvinotsigira zvakaita sepolyols neβ-diketones, zvichiunza kugadzikana kwekupisa kwavo pedyo nekwemunyu we lead wekare.
Zvisinei, masisitimu eCa/Zn ane matambudziko. Anoda muyero wemunyu welead ka1.5 kusvika kaviri uye anowanzo buda—chikanganiso chepamusoro chinogona kukanganisa mashandiro eCable PVC. Nerombo rakanaka, kufambira mberi kwakaitwa munguva pfupi yapfuura mukuchinja-chinja kwenano, uchishandisa zvinhu zvakaita segraphene nenano-silica, kwakabatsira kuderedza matambudziko aya. Izvi zvitsva zvakawedzera kugadzikana kwekupisa kweZvigadzikamisi zveCa/Znkusvika ku90% yehuwandu hwemunyu wemutobvu uye kuramba kusvira kwakawedzera kusvika katatu.
•Zvinosimbisa Organotin
Zvigadzirisi zveOrganotin zvinochengetedza nzvimbo yakakosha mukushandiswa kweCable PVC kunodiwa zvakanyanya, kunyanya kana kujeka uye kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya kunodiwa. Makemikoro akadai sedioctyl tin maleate netin mercaptoacetate anobudirira pakutsiva maatomu echlorine asina kugadzikana mumaketani ePVC kuburikidza nekubatana kwemaatomu esulfur, zvichidzivirira kuumbwa kwepolyene dzakasanganiswa dzinokonzera kuchinja kweruvara.
Kushanda kwavo zvakanaka neCable PVC kunoita kuti zvive pachena, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanaka patambo dzekurapa, zvinodzivirira kupisa, uye zvikamu zvemagetsi zvine hungwaru. Zvakagamuchirwa neUS FDA kuti zvishandiswe pakubata chikafu uye zvinoenderana nemitemo yakasimba yeEU, zvinosimbisa organotin zvinopa kugona kugadzikiswa kusingaenzaniswi kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.
Zvisinei, zvinhu zvikuru zvinochinja-chinja mutengo uye mafuta. Organotin stabilizers inodhura ka3 kusvika ka5 pane Ca/Zn systems, uye mafuta avo asina kunaka anoda kusanganiswa nesipo dzesimbi kuti pave nekushanda zvakanaka kwekubvisa mafuta.
•Zvigadzikiso zveNyika Zvisingawanzoitiki
Zvigadziriso zveRare earth stabilizers, hunyanzvi hutsva hunotungamirwa neChina, zvave chinhu chinochinja-chinja mumisika yeCable PVC yepakati kusvika yepamusoro. Zvichibva palanthanum stearate necerium citrate, izvi zvinogadzirisa zvinoshandisa ma empty orbitals ezvinhu zverare earth kuti zvienderane nemaatomu echlorine mumaketani ePVC, zvichidzivirira kuburitswa kweHCl uye zvichitora free radicals.
Kana zvikasanganiswa neCa/Zn systems kana epoxidized soybean oil, kugadzikana kwavo kwekupisa kunovandudzika neanopfuura 30%, zvichipfuura sipo dzesimbi dzechinyakare dzinoshandiswa kwenguva refu. Kunyange zvazvo dzichidhura ne15–20% kupfuura Ca/Zn stabilizers, dzinobvisa njodzi dzekusvibiswa kwesarufa uye dzinoenderana nezvinangwa zvekusagadzikana kwekabhoni. Izvi zvinoita kuti dzive sarudzo inosarudzwa yetambo dzesimba rinogona kushandiswazve (semuenzaniso, photovoltaic nemhepo) uye waya dzemotokari.
Zvichikonzerwa nekutonga kweChina muzviwanikwa zverare earth pamwe nekudyara mari muR&D kuri kuenderera mberi, zvinhu zvinosimbisa rare earth zvinotarisirwa kutora 12% yemusika wepasi rose wePVC Stabilizers yeWaya neCables panosvika gore ra2025.
Kuenzanisa Kwekushanda kweCommon PVC Stabilizers
Kushanda kwePVC Stabilizers dzeWaya neMatambo kunokanganisa zvakananga hunhu hweCable PVC, sezvakatsanangurwa nezvinodiwa pasi rose seAS/NZS 3808 neIEC 60811. Tafura inotevera inoenzanisa zviyero zvakakosha zvekushanda kwemhando dzakajairika dzestabilizer muCable PVC insulation uye sheathing applications, zvichipa tarisiro inoshanda kune vagadziri:
| Rudzi rweStabilizer | Kugadzikana kweThermal (200°C, miniti) | Kuramba kweVhoriyamu (Ω·cm) | Kuchengetwa Kwekukwegura (Simba reKusimba, %) | Mutengo Unoenderana neCa/Zn | Zvishandiso Zvikuru |
| Karusiyamu-Zinc Composite | ≥100 | ≥10¹³ | ≥75 | 1.0x | Waya dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, tambo dzekuvaka |
| Organotin | ≥150 | ≥10¹⁴ | ≥85 | 3.0–5.0x | Tambo dzekurapa, dzinoita sedzinopenya |
| Nyika Isina Kujairika | ≥130 | ≥10¹³ | ≥80 | 1.15–1.20x | Simba rinogona kudzokororwa, waya dzemotokari |
| Munyu weLead (Wakabviswa) | ≥120 | ≥10¹³ | ≥78 | 0.6x | Tambo dzekare dzemaindasitiri (dzakarambidzwa muEU/China) |
Kutevedzera Mutemo wePVC Stabilizers
Kupfuura kushanda zvakanaka, kutevedzera mitemo yezvakatipoteredza inochinja chinhu chakakosha kune vagadziri vePVC Stabilizers yeWaya neMatambo. 2025 REACH amendment (EU 2025/1731) yakawedzera zvinhu 16 CMR (Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, Reprotoxic) pane rondedzero yayo yezvirambidzo, kusanganisira dibutyltin oxide—inowanzoshandiswa muCable PVC stabilizers—ine muganho wehuwandu hwe0.3%.
Izvi zvakamanikidza vagadziri kuti vafunge patsva nezvemusanganiswa wavo. Zvinwiwa zvine huremu hushoma hweCa/Zn uye zvinwiwa zvisina phenol zviri kuwana simba mumisika yeEurope kuti zvisangane nezvinodiwa neVOC uye zvemhando yemhepo. Kune vanotumira kunze kwenyika, kunyanya avo vanobva kuChina, kufamba nehurongwa hwemitemo mitatu hwe "REACH+RoHS+Eco-Design" kwave kwakakosha. Izvi zvinoda kuteverwa kwecheni yekugovera kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupedzisira uye kuyedzwa kwevamwe vanhu kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti Cable PVC inotevedzera zvinodiwa.
Pazasi pane mhinduro dzakanangana nematambudziko anowanzo sangana nawo pakushandisa PVC stabilizers, zvichibatsira kuwedzera kugadzikana uye kushanda kwewaya netambo.
Mubvunzo wekutanga: Mukugadzirwa kwewaya dzekuvaka dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye tambo (chikamu chakakosha mumasisitimu emagetsi), matambudziko ekukura kwemaruva anowanzoitika neCa/Zn composite stabilizers. Ungagadzirisa sei dambudziko iri zvinobudirira kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa chakavimbika?
A1: Kutumbuka kweCa/Zn composite stabilizers kunokanganisa kunaka kwenzvimbo uye kuvimbika kwenguva refu kwewaya dzekuvaka netambo. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nechiyero chisina kunaka kana kusawirirana zvakanaka nezvimwe zvinowedzera. Kuti ugadzirise izvi uye uchengetedze kushanda kwakasimba kwetambo dzemagetsi, matanho anotevera anogona kutorwa: Chekutanga, gadzirisa chiyero che stabilizer. Zvichibva pafomura chaiyo yekugadzira, deredza zvakakodzera chiyero mukati mechikamu che stabilizer chinoshanda (dzivisa kudarika kaviri chiyero che lead salts) kudzivirira kuwanda kwezvikamu uye kufamba. Chechipiri, sarudza nano-modified Ca/Zn stabilizers. Zvigadzirwa zvakagadziriswa ne graphene kana nano-silica zvinogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kuenderana nePVC matrices, kuderedza kufamba kwezvikamu zve stabilizer, uye kuwedzera kuvimbika kwese kwetambo. Chechitatu, gadzirisa chiyero che co-stabilizer. Wedzera nemazvo kuwedzera kwe polyols kana β-diketones kusimbisa synergistic effect ne Ca/Zn stabilizers, kudzivirira kufamba kwezvikamu, uye kuvandudza kugadzikana kwekupisa. Chekupedzisira, dzora ma processing parameters. Dzivisai kupisa kwakanyanya kwekunze (zvinokurudzirwa kuti zvive mukati me170–180 °C) uye iva nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvakaenzana kudzivirira kuungana kwezvinodzivirira munzvimbo, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kutumbuka uye kukanganisa mashandiro etambo.
Mubvunzo wechipiri: Kune waya dzekurapa dzakanyatsogadzirwa (dzinoshandiswa mumagetsi ekurapa) dzinoda kujeka, zvinosimbisa organotin zvinowanzo sarudzwa, asi mutengo wekugadzira wakakwira zvakanyanya. Pane imwe nzira inodhura inochengetedza kuvimbika here?
A2: Organotin stabilizers inofarirwa pawaya dzekurapa dzinoonekera uye tambo dzadzo nekuda kwekujeka kwazvo uye kugadzikana kwekupisa, izvo zvakakosha pakuvimbika kwehurongwa hwemagetsi ekurapa. Kuti mutengo uye mashandiro adzo aenzane, zvirongwa zvinotevera zvinochengetedza mari zvinogona kushandiswa: Chekutanga, tora fomura yakasanganiswa. Pasi pepfungwa yekuona kujeka, kugadzikana kwekupisa, uye kubatana kwe bio (chinhu chakakosha pakushandiswa kwemagetsi ekurapa), sanganisa organotin stabilizers nehuwandu hushoma hweCa/Zn stabilizers dzemhando yepamusoro pachiyero chinokurudzirwa che7:3 kana 8:2. Izvi zvinoderedza mari yese uku uchichengetedza mashandiro epakati anodiwa patambo dzekurapa. Chechipiri, sarudza zvigadzirwa zve organotin zvakachena uye zvinoshanda zvakanyanya. Kunyangwe mutengo wazvo weyuniti wakakwira zvishoma, chiyero chinodiwa chakaderera, zvichikonzera mitengo yakaderera uye kushanda kwakasimba kwetambo dzemagetsi. Chechitatu, gadzirisa manejimendi ye supply chain. Taura nevatengesi kuti muwane zvidzikiso zvekutenga zvakawanda, kana kushandira pamwe nemasangano eR&D kuti mugadzire zvigadzirwa zve organotin zvinodhura zvakachipa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvemagetsi ekurapa. Zvakakosha kuita bvunzo dzakasimba dzekushanda (kujeka, kugadzikana kwekupisa, kuenderana kwehupenyu) pakutsiva kana kusanganisa zvinosimbisa kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti zvinotevedzera zvinodiwa netambo dzekurapa uye kuchengetedza kuvimbika kwehurongwa hwemagetsi.
Mubvunzo wechitatu: Pakugadzira waya netambo dzesimba rinogona kushandiswazve (dzemagetsi matsva), ungaona sei kuti zvinhu zvinogadzirisa rare earth stabilizers zvinosangana nezvinodiwa necarbon neutral uye kugadzikana kwekupisa kwenguva refu kuti zvitsigire kushanda kwakavimbika?
A3: Waya dzesimba rinodzokororwa uye tambo dzinoshanda munzvimbo dzakaoma (tembiricha yakakwira, hunyoro, mwaranzi ye ultraviolet), saka zvinodzivirira rare earth zvinofanira kuenzana ne carbon neutral uye kugadzikana kwenguva refu kwekupisa kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti masisitimu emagetsi akavimbika. Matanho anotevera anokurudzirwa: Chekutanga, sarudza zvinodzivirira rare earth zvine hushamwari nezvakatipoteredza. Isa pamberi zvigadzirwa zvakavakirwa pa lanthanum stearate kana cerium citrate kubva kuvagadziri vepamutemo vane zvitupa zvezvakatipoteredza zvakakodzera (semuenzaniso, kutevedzera mitemo yeEU carbon emission). Iva nechokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa hazvina sulfur kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwesarufa uye zvinoenderana nezvinangwa zve carbon neutral. Chechipiri, shandisa composite formulation ne epoxidized soybean oil. Compound ratio ye1:0.5–1:1 inogona kuvandudza kugadzikana kwekupisa neanopfuura 30%, kuwedzera mashandiro ezvakatipoteredza, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa rematambo mumasisitimu emagetsi esimba rinodzokororwa. Chechitatu, ita bvunzo dzakasimba dzekukwegura kwenguva refu. Tevedzera nharaunda chaiyo yekushanda kwematambo esimba rinodzokororwa (tembiricha yakakwira, hunyoro, UV radiation) kuti uone kuti chiyero chekuchengetedza simba rekusimba mushure mekukwegura hachisi pasi pe80%, zvichisangana nemiyero yepasi rose senge IEC 60811. Chekupedzisira, shandisa kurongeka kwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa. Sarudza zvinhu zvinosimbisa marara evhu zvine zvinhu zvinobva kumakambani ekuchera nekugadzira zvinhu zvisina njodzi, zvichiita kuti cheni yese yekugovera ienderane nezvinodiwa nekabhoni isina kukanganiswa ukuwo ichichengetedza kuvimbika kwetambo.
Mubvunzo wechina: Pakutumira waya dzePVC netambo kumusika weEurope, ungaona sei kuti zvinosimbisa zvinoshandiswa zvinotevedzera 2025 REACH amendment (EU 2025/1731) uye kuchengetedza kuvimbika kwemashandisirwo emagetsi?
A4: Kutevedzera mutemo weREACH wegore ra2025 chinhu chinodiwa pakutumira waya dzePVC netambo kuEurope, uye zvine chekuita nekuchengetedzeka nekuvimbika kwetambo mumagetsi ekuEurope. Matanho anotevera anofanira kutorwa: Kutanga, ongorora zvizere ma stabilizer formulations. Iva nechokwadi chekuti zviri muzvinhu gumi nematanhatu zveCMR zvakawedzerwa (senge dibutyltin oxide) hazvipfuure 0.3%. Zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza low-emission Ca/Zn solid stabilizers kana phenol-free liquid stabilizers zvakapasa REACH certification, izvo zvinogona kuderedza njodzi dzekutevedzera mutemo. Chechipiri, gadzira system yakakwana yekutevedza supply chain. Inoda kuti vatengesi vape mishumo yekuyedza stabilizer (semuenzaniso, third-party CMR substance detection) uye raw material source certificates kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti link yega yega inosangana nezvinodiwa zvemutemo uye inotsigira kuvimbika kwetambo dzemagetsi. Chechitatu, ita bvunzo yekutevedzera mutemo usati watumira kunze kwenyika. Tumira zvigadzirwa zvetambo zvakapedzwa kumasangano ekuyedza anozivikanwa neEU kuti uedze zvinhu zveCMR, VOC emissions, nezvimwe zviratidzo zvakakosha, uchive nechokwadi chekuti zvinoteererwa zvizere usati watanga. Chekupedzisira, tevera zvigadziriso zvemitemo. Tarisa shanduko dzinochinja muREACH nemimwe mitemo ine chekuita nazvo nenguva, uye gadzirisa maitiro ekugadzirisa zvinhu uye manejimendi ezvekutengeswa nekukurumidza kudzivirira njodzi dzemutemo uye kuchengetedza kushanda kwetambo mumasisitimu emagetsi ekuEurope.
Nguva yekutumira: Kukadzi-02-2026