Kusarudza PVC Stabilizers Kuti Pipe neProfile Extrusion Zvibudirire

Pinda munzvimbo chero ipi zvayo yekuvaka kana chitoro chekugadzirisa dzimba, uye uchawana PVC kwese kwese—kubva pamapombi anotakura mvura kuburikidza nezvivakwa kusvika kumaprofile emahwindo anoumba maonero edu. Chisingazivikanwe nevanhu vazhinji ndechekuti iyi thermoplastic inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwegamba rakanyarara: PVC stabilizers. Kune nzira dzekubvisa, kunyanya, kusarudza chaiyoPVC stabilizerhaisi nyaya yekungozadzisa zvinodiwa pakugadzira chete; musiyano uripo pakati pechigadzirwa chakasimba, chinoenderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi nechinhu chinokundikana nguva isati yakwana.

Kutanga, ngatinzwisise kuti nei zvinhu zvinosimbisa ngura zvisingadiwi pakubvisa PVC. Kusiyana nedzimwe thermoplastics, PVC ine chitsitsinho chaAchilles: kugadzikana kwekupisa kwakashata. Kana yapiswa kusvika patembiricha ye160–200°C inowanzo shandiswa pakubvisa - kunyanya kune zvigadzirwa zvakasimba zvakaita semapaipi - PVC inotanga kuburitsa hydrogen chloride (HCl). Izvi zvinokonzera kuora kwechain, zvichikonzera kushata kweruvara (funga nezveyero, wobva wasviba, wobva wasviba) uye kudonha kwakanyanya kwesimba remakanika. Kana zvikasadzorwa, zvinhu zvinova zvisina kusimba uye zvisingashandiswi, tisingatauri nezvemidziyo inoparadza HCl gasi. Ndipo panopindira zvinhu zvinosimbisa ngura zvePVC. Basa ravo guru nderekukanganisa maitiro aya ekuora - kungave nekuderedza HCl, kutsiva maatomu echlorine asina kugadzikana muPVC molecular chain, kana kubata ma free radicals anokurumidza kuputsika. Kune mashandisirwo emapaipi neprofile, ayo anoda kugara kwenguva refu (kazhinji makore anopfuura makumi mashanu emapombi epombi) uye kushanda kwakasimba, stabilizer chaiyo haisi chinhu chinongowedzera chete; chikamu chikuru chekugadzira.

Kana zvasvika pakuburitsa zvinhu, hazvisi zvese zvinosimbisa PVC zvakagadzirwa zvakaenzana. Sarudzo yacho inoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sekupisa kwekugadzirisa, rudzi rwechigadzirwa, zvinodiwa nemitemo, uye mutengo. Ngationgororei mhando dzinonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira mapaipi neprofile, pamwe chete nezvakanakira, zvakaipa, uye mashandisirwo adzo akanaka:

Zvigadzirisiso zvakagadzirwa nemutobvuVagara vari vashandi vanoshanda nesimba muindasitiri, kunyanya pamapombi ePVC akaomarara uye ma profiles. Kukwezva kwavo kuri mukugadzikana kwakanaka kwekupisa, kuramba kwakasimba kwemamiriro ekunze, uye mutengo wakaderera. Mishonga yakaita se tribasic lead sulfate kana dibasic lead phosphite inowanzo shandiswa mumhando imwe chete inosanganisira mafuta ekuwedzera, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kubatanidzwa mumaitiro ekubvisa. Kune mashandisirwo asina kujeka, asingasanganisi chikafu—senge mapaipi emvura kana ma profiles emukati—zvinodzivirira zvakagadzirwa ne lead zvagara zviri sarudzo yakanaka. Zvisinei, mazuva avo akaverengerwa munzvimbo dzakawanda. Mitemo yakasimba se REACH ne RoHS inorambidza kana kurambidza zvinowedzera zvakagadzirwa ne lead nekuda kwezvinetso zvakatipoteredza nehutano. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vagadziri vari kuramba vachichinja kune dzimwe nzira, kunyanya kune zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa muEU, North America, uye mimwe misika inodzorwa.

Zvinosimbisa Calcium-zinc (Ca-Zn)zvabuda senzira inotungamira yekubvisa ngura panzvimbo pemutobvu. Aya macompounds asina chepfu, asina mutobvu ndiwo anoshandiswa pakushandisa zvakawanda zvekubvisa ngura, kusanganisira mapaipi emvura anonwiwa uye ma profiles ekunze. Zvigadzirisi zvemazuva ano zveCa-Zn, zvinowanzogadzirwa semasystem akabatanidzwa, zvinopa kugadzikana kwekupisa kunoshamisa kana zvakabatanidzwa nezvimwe zvinowedzera senge epoxides kana phosphites. Semuenzaniso, chigadzirisi cheCa-Zn chinoshanda zvakanyanya (senge RJ-702 grade inoshandiswa mune mamwe maformula) pa3.5 phr (zvikamu pazana resin) chinogona kudzivirira kutsvuka kunyangwe pakupisa kwakanyanya kwekubvisa ngura. Chimwe chezvakanakira zvikuru zvezvigadzirisi zveCa-Zn ndechekuenderana kwavo nemaplasticizers ane hushamwari kune nharaunda senge DOTP, izvo zvakakosha pakusangana nezvinodiwa zveVOC shoma uye zvisina chepfu. Zvisinei, zvine miganhu: masisitimu echinyakare eCa-Zn anogona kunetseka nekugadzikana kwekupisa kwenguva refu pamucheto wepamusoro wekupisa kwekubvisa ngura (pamusoro pe190°C) uye angada kurongedza mafuta nekungwarira kudzivirira matambudziko akadai sekubuda kweplate kana kupera kwepasi kwakashata. Izvozvo zvichitaurwa, kufambira mberi mukugadzira—sekuwedzera zvinhu zvinobatana—kwakaita kuti Ca-Zn stabilizers inoshanda zvakanaka dzikwanise kushandiswa kunyange mukuita kwekubvisa zvinhu zvakaoma.

Zvinosimbisa Organotinndiyo sarudzo yepamusoro yezvishandiso apo kujeka uye kushanda kwepamusoro hazvigone kutaurirana. Mishonga yakaita semethyltin kana octyltin inopa kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwekupisa, kujeka kwakanaka, uye kufamba kushoma, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune maprofiles ePVC akajeka kana mapaipi ehunyanzvi. Inoenderanawo neFDA, ndosaka ichishandiswa muzvishandiso zvePVC zvinosangana nechikafu, kunyangwe mutengo wayo wepamusoro uchidzikamisa kushandiswa kwayo mukugadzira mapaipi neprofile. Kune maitiro ekubvisa anoda hwindo rakakura rekugadzirisa (kureva, kushanduka kwakanyanya mukudzora tembiricha), zvinosimbisa organotin zvakaoma kukunda. Zvisinei, mutengo wavo - kazhinji ka3-5 pane we lead kana Ca-Zn dzimwe nzira - zvinoreva kuti dzinowanzo chengeterwa zvigadzirwa zvine mutengo wepamusoro pane mapaipi emidziyo kana maprofiles.

Kuti tibatsire kuona kuchinjana kwezvinhu, heino kuenzanisa nekukurumidza kwemhando nhatu huru dze stabilizer dze extrusion applications:

Iye zvino, ngatichinjei kune divi rinoshanda: maitiro ekusarudza PVC stabilizer yakakodzera yekubvisa zvinhu, kungave kuri kugadzira mapaipi kana maprofiles. Danho rekutanga nderekugadzirisa sarudzo yako nezvinodiwa nemutemo. Kana uri kutengesa kuEU, North America, kana kune dzimwe misika dzakasimba, lead-based stabilizers hadzisi dzekutanga—tanga neCa-Zn kana organotin. Kune mapaipi emvura anonwiwa, iwe unofanirwawo kuve nechokwadi chekutevedzera mitemo yakaita seNSF/ANSI 61, iyo inotungamira kutama kwezvinowedzera.

Tevere, funga nezvemamiriro ekugadzirisa kwako. Mapaipi ePVC akaomarara anoda tembiricha yakakwira yekubvisa (180–200°C) kupfuura ma profiles mazhinji, saka uchada stabilizer ine kugadzikana kwakasimba kwekupisa. Sisitimu yeCa-Zn ine epoxide synergists kana stabilizer yeorganotin inoshanda zvakanyanya ingave sarudzo iri nani pano pane musanganiswa weCa-Zn. Kana tambo yako yekubvisa ichifamba nekumhanya kwakanyanya kana kuti iine nguva yakawanda yekudzikira, tsvaga stabilizers dzinopa mafuta akanaka (kuderedza kukweshana nekuunganidza kupisa) uye hunhu hwekudzivirira nguva yekudzikira. Semuenzaniso, mamwe maformula eCa-Zn akagadzirwa kudzivirira kudzikira kwekudzikira kwemafuta panguva yekudzikira kwenguva yakareba - zvakakosha kudzivirira kucheneswa kunodhura uye zvikanganiso zvechigadzirwa.

Zvinodiwa pakushanda kwechigadzirwa chimwe chinhu chakakosha. Maprofile ekunze anoda kudzivirira UV kudzivirira kusviba uye kuora kwezuva, saka sarudza package yekusimbisa muviri inosanganisira maUV absorbers (senge benzotriazoles) kana kuti maamine light stabilizers (HALS). Kune mapaipi anotakura mvura inoparadza (senge maindasitiri), stabilizer ine resistance yakanaka yemakemikari—senge lead-based kana high-performance Ca-Zn system—ichave yakakosha. Maprofiles akajeka, kune rumwe rutivi, anoda stabilizer isingakanganisi kujeka, izvo zvinoratidza organotin kana ma transparent Ca-Zn stabilizers akagadzirwa zvakananga.

Mutengo unogara uchifungwa nezvawo, asi zvakakosha kuenzanisa mitengo yekutanga nekushanda kwenguva refu. Kunyange hazvo zvinhu zvinosimbisa simbi zvichibva pa lead zvakachipa, mutengo wekusatevedzera mitemo (faindi, kudzoserwa kwechigadzirwa) kana kukuvara kwemukurumbira zvinogona kupfuura mari inochengetwa. Zvinhu zvinosimbisa simbi zveCa-Zn zvinopa nzvimbo yakanaka kune akawanda mashandisirwo: zvinodhura zvishoma pane organotin uye zvinoenderana nemitemo yepasi rose. Vagadziri vazhinji vanoona kuti kuisa mari muchinhu chinosimbisa simbi cheCa-Zn chemhando yepamusoro kunoderedza mari yekugadzira nekuderedza zvikanganiso (senge zvikamu zvinotsvedza kana kuti zvinoputsika) uye kuvandudza mashandiro ebasa.

Kuti tiratidze mashandiro emisimboti iyi, ngatitarisei muenzaniso chaiwo: kugadzira pombi yemvura inonwiwa. Chinangwa pano ndechekugadzira pombi isina chepfu, inogara kwenguva refu, uye inoenderana neNSF/ANSI 61. Mushonga wakajairika ungasanganisira: 100 phr PVC-SG5 resin, 35 phr DOTP (plasticizer inochengetedza nharaunda), 3.5 phr composite Ca-Zn stabilizer (high-efficiency grade), 20 phr coated calcium carbonate (filler), uye 0.3 phr EVA (compatibilizer). Composite Ca-Zn stabilizer inopa kugadzikana kwekupisa kunodiwa kuti itsungirire extrusion pa185–195°C, nepo DOTP neEVA zvichivimbisa kuyerera kwakanaka uye kuenderana. Mugumisiro wekupedzisira ipombi inosangana nemitemo yese yekuchengetedza, ine kupenya kwakapfava pamusoro, uye inochengetedza hunhu hwayo hwemakanika kwemakumi emakore.

Mumwe muenzaniso ndeyekubuda kweprofile yehwindo rekunze. Maprofile aya anofanira kuramba tembiricha yakakwira yekubuda uye kusvikwa kweUV kwenguva refu. Mushonga unowanzo shandiswa unoshandisa Ca-Zn stabilizer yakabatana neUV absorbers neHALS. Pakeji yestabilizer yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira kuora kwekupisa panguva yekubuda (170–185°C) uye kuchembera kunokonzerwa neUV zvishoma nezvishoma. Kuwedzera chikamu chemafuta kune stabilizer kunobatsira kunatsiridza kuyerera kwekunyunguduka uye kuderedza kukweshana, zvichikonzera maprofile ane chimiro chakafanana uye pamusoro unopenya. Mushonga uyu unosangana nezvinodiwa zveREACH uye unoita kuti maprofiles asazove eyero kana kupwanyika kunyangwe mushure memakore akawanda ekushandiswa nezuva.

Chekupedzisira, zvakakosha kuziva kuti sarudzo yakanakisisa yekugadzirisa zvinhu inowanzosanganisira kushanda pamwe chete nemutengesi ane mukurumbira. Mutsetse wega wega wekubvisa zvinhu wakasiyana—midziyo yakasiyana, magiredhi eresin, uye maparamita ekugadzirisa zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro ekugadzirisa zvinhu. Mutengesi akanaka achashanda newe kugadzirisa package yekusimbisa zvinhu zvinoenderana nezvaunoda, achikupa mapepa eruzivo rwehunyanzvi (TDS) uye rutsigiro panzvimbo yacho. Vanogonawo kukubatsira kufamba munzvimbo dzakaoma dzemutemo, vachiona kuti zvigadzirwa zvako zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvemuno nezvepasi rose.

Zvigadziriso zvePVC zvinosimbisa ngura ndiwo magamba asingazivikanwe ekugadzirisa mapombi nemaprofiles. Zvinoshandura resin isingachinjike pakupisa kuita chinhu chakasimba, chinoshanduka-shanduka chinodiwa pakuvaka kwemazuva ano. Pakusarudza chigadziriso chePVC chekubvisa ngura, tarisa pakutevedzera mitemo, mamiriro ekugadzirisa, zvinodiwa pakushanda kwechigadzirwa, uye mwero wemari. Kune akawanda mashandisirwo nhasi, zvigadziriso zveCa-Zn zvinosanganisa kushanda, kutevedzera, uye kukosha. Nekunzwisisa zvaunoda uye kushanda nemutengesi anovimbwa naye, unogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti maitiro ako ekubvisa ngura anofamba zvakanaka, zvigadzirwa zvako zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvepamusoro, uye vatengi vako vanowana kugara kwenguva refu kwavanotarisira.