Chii chinonzi PVC Stabilizers

Zvigadzirisi zvePVCzvinhu zvinoshandiswa kuvandudza kugadzikana kwekupisa kwepolyvinyl chloride (PVC) nemacopolymers ayo. Kune mapurasitiki ePVC, kana tembiricha yekugadzira ikadarika 160℃, kuora kwekupisa kuchaitika uye gasi reHCl richagadzirwa. Kana rikasadziviswa, kuora kwekupisa uku kuchawedzera kuipa, zvichikanganisa kugadzirwa nekushandiswa kwemapurasitiki ePVC.

Ongororo dzakawana kuti kana mapurasitiki ePVC aine munyu mudiki we lead, sipo yesimbi, phenol, aromatic amine, nezvimwe zvinhu zvisina kuchena, kugadziriswa kwayo nekushandiswa kwayo hazvizokanganiswi, zvisinei, kuora kwayo kwekupisa kunogona kuderedzwa kusvika pamwero wakati. Zvidzidzo izvi zvinokurudzira kuumbwa nekuenderera mberi kwePVC stabilizers.

Zvinosimbisa PVC zvakajairika zvinosanganisira zvinosimbisa organotin, zvinosimbisa munyu wesimbi, uye zvinosimbisa munyu weinorganic. Zvinosimbisa Organotin zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira zvigadzirwa zvePVC nekuda kwekujeka kwazvo, kusapindirana nemamiriro ekunze, uye kuenderana. Zvinosimbisa munyu wesimbi zvinowanzo shandisa calcium, zinc, kana barium salts, izvo zvinogona kupa kugadzikana kuri nani kwekupisa. Zvinosimbisa munyu weinorganic zvakaita se tribasic lead sulfate, dibasic lead phosphite, nezvimwewo zvine thermostability yenguva refu uye insulation yakanaka yemagetsi. Pakusarudza chinosimbisa PVC chakakodzera, unofanirwa kufunga nezvemamiriro ekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvePVC uye hunhu hwekugadzikana hunodiwa. Zvinosimbisa zvakasiyana zvinokanganisa mashandiro ezvigadzirwa zvePVC mumuviri uye pamakemikari, saka kuumbwa kwakasimba uye kuyedzwa kunodiwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti zvinosimbisa. Sumo yakadzama uye kuenzanisa kwezvinotsigira zvakasiyana-siyana zvePVC ndeizvi:

Chinosimbisa Organotin:Zvinosimbisa makemikari eOrganotin ndizvo zvinosimbisa makemikari zvakanyanya pazvigadzirwa zvePVC. Makemikoro avo ndiwo anokonzerwa ne organotin oxides kana organotin chloride dzine acids kana esters dzakakodzera.

Zvinosimbisa organotin zvakakamurwa kuita zvinhu zvine sarufa uye zvisina sarufa. Kugadzikana kwezvinosimbisa zvine sarufa kwakanaka kwazvo, asi kune matambudziko mukuravira uye kusvibiswa kwakafanana nemamwe macompound ane sarufa. Zvinosimbisa organotin zvisiri sarufa zvinowanzo shandiswa kubva ku maleic acid kana hafu maleic acid esters. Zvinodazvinosimbisa tin yemethylhazvishande zvakanyanyazvinosimbisa kupisanechiedza chakasimba zviri nani.

Zvinosimbisa muviri zveOrganotin zvinonyanya kushandiswa pakurongedza chikafu nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvePVC zvinoonekera zvakaita semapombi anoonekera.

Zvinosimbisa Lead:Zvinhu zvinosimbisa lead zvinosanganisira zvinotevera: dibasic lead stearate, hydrated tribasic lead sulfate, dibasic lead phthalate, uye dibasic lead phosphate.

Sezvinogadzirisa kupisa, mishonga ye lead haizokuvadzi hunhu hwakanaka hwemagetsi, kushoma kwemvura inonyungudika, uye kuramba kwekunze kwezvinhu zvePVC. Zvisinei,zvinosimbisa mutobvuvane matambudziko akadai se:

- Kuva nehuturu;

- Kusvibiswa kwemvura, kunyanya nesarufa;

- Kugadzira lead chloride, iyo inozogadzira mitsetse pazvigadzirwa zvapera;

- Chiyero chakakura, zvichikonzera chiyero chehuremu/vhoriyamu chisingagutsi.

- Zvigadzirisi zvemutobvu zvinowanzoita kuti zvigadzirwa zvePVC zvisaonekwe nekukasika uye zvinochinja ruvara nekukurumidza mushure mekupiswa kwenguva refu.

Pasinei nematambudziko aya, zvinhu zvinodzivirira lead zvichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya. Pakudzivirira magetsi, zvinhu zvinodzivirira lead zvinofarirwa. Zvichibatsirwa nekushanda kwayo, zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvePVC zvinochinjika uye zvakasimba zvinogadzirwa zvakaita semachira ekunze etambo, mabhodhi akaomarara ePVC asingaonekwe, mapaipi akaomarara, matehwe ekugadzira, uye majekiseni.

Zvinosimbisa munyu wesimbi: Zvinosimbisa munyu wesimbi yakasanganiswaimhando dzakasiyana dzemakemikari, anowanzo gadzirwa zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwePVC nevashandisi. Rudzi urwu rwe stabilizer rwakashanduka kubva pakuwedzera barium succinate ne cadmium palm acid chete kusvika pakusanganiswa kwepanyama kwesipo ye barium, cadmium sipo, zinc sipo, uye organic phosphite, ine antioxidants, solvents, extenders, plasticizers, colorants, UV absorbers, brighteners, viscosity control agents, lubricants, uye artificial flavours. Nekuda kweizvozvo, pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro ye stabilizer yekupedzisira.

Zvinhu zvinosimbisa simbi, zvakaita sebarium, calcium, uye magnesium hazvidziviriri ruvara rwekutanga rwezvinhu zvePVC asi zvinogona kudzivirira kupisa kwenguva refu. Zvinhu zvePVC zvinosimbiswa nenzira iyi zvinotanga zvatsvukira/orenji, zvozobva zvachinja zvishoma nezvishoma kuita brown, uye pakupedzisira kuita dema mushure mekupisa nguva dzose.

Zvigadzirisi zveCadmium neZinc zvakatanga kushandiswa nekuti zvinopenya uye zvinogona kuchengetedza ruvara rwepakutanga rwezvigadzirwa zvePVC. Kugadzikana kwenguva refu kwezvigadzirisi zveCadmium neZinc kwakaipa kupfuura zvinopihwa nezvigadzirisi zveBarium, izvo zvinowanzoparara zvachose pasina chiratidzo chikuru.

Pamusoro pehuwandu hwesimbi, simba resimbi dzinosimbisa munyu rine chekuitawo nemakemikari adzo emunyu, ayo ari iwo makuru anokanganisa hunhu hunotevera: kunyorova, kufamba, kujeka, kuchinja kweruvara rwepigment, uye kugadzikana kwekupisa kwePVC. Pazasi pane zvinosimbisa simbi zvakasanganiswa: 2-ethylcaproate, phenolate, benzoate, uye stearate.

Zvinosimbisa munyu wesimbi zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvigadzirwa zvePVC zvakapfava uye zvigadzirwa zvePVC zvakapfava zvinoonekera zvakaita sekurongedza chikafu, zvinoshandiswa pakurapa, uye kurongedza mishonga.